Linux Probe / List Hardware

dmidecode – tool for dumping a computer’s DMI (some say SMBIOS) table contents in a human-readable format.This table contains a description of the system’s hardware components, as well as other useful pieces of information such as serial numbers and BIOS revision

[root@m backup]# dmidecode --type slot
# dmidecode 2.12
# SMBIOS entry point at 0x000f0480
SMBIOS 2.8 present.

Handle 0x001C, DMI type 9, 17 bytes
System Slot Information
	Designation: PCIE16X
	Type: x16 PCI Express x16
	Current Usage: Available
	Length: Long
	ID: 1
	Characteristics:
		3.3 V is provided
		Opening is shared
		PME signal is supported
	Bus Address: 0000:ff:1f.7

Handle 0x001D, DMI type 9, 17 bytes
System Slot Information
	Designation: PCIE1X
	Type: x1 PCI Express x1
	Current Usage: Available
	Length: Short
	ID: 2
	Characteristics:
		3.3 V is provided
		Opening is shared
		PME signal is supported
	Bus Address: 0000:ff:1f.7

Handle 0x001E, DMI type 9, 17 bytes
System Slot Information
	Designation: PCIE4X
	Type: x4 PCI Express x4
	Current Usage: Available
	Length: Short
	ID: 3
	Characteristics:
		3.3 V is provided
		Opening is shared
		PME signal is supported
	Bus Address: 0000:ff:1f.7

Handle 0x001F, DMI type 9, 17 bytes
System Slot Information
	Designation: PCI1
	Type: x1 PCI
	Current Usage: Available
	Length: Short
	ID: 4
	Characteristics:
		3.3 V is provided
		Opening is shared
		PME signal is supported
	Bus Address: 0000:ff:1f.7

lshw – tool to extract detailed information on the hardware configuration of the machine. It can report exact memory configuration, firmware version, mainboard configuration, CPU version and speed, cache configuration, bus speed, etc. on DMI-capable x86 or IA-64 systems and on some PowerPC machines (PowerMac G4 is known to work).
blkid – locate/print block device attributes

[root@m backup]# blkid -p -n ext3,ext4 /dev/sda1
/dev/sda1: UUID="4ea235a9-2db2-3a11-856a-2cd7f27d75ff" VERSION="1.0" TYPE="ext4" USAGE="filesystem" PART_ENTRY_SCHEME="dos" PART_ENTRY_TYPE="0x83" PART_ENTRY_FLAGS="0x80" PART_ENTRY_NUMBER="1" PART_ENTRY_OFFSET="2048" PART_ENTRY_SIZE="1024000" PART_ENTRY_DISK="8:0"

lspci – utility for displaying information about PCI buses in the system and devices connected to them.
hwinfo – to probe for the hardware present in the system. It can be used to generate a system overview log which can be later used for support.

last, lastb – show listing of last logged in users
findfs – find a filesystem by label or UUID
findmnt – find a filesystem

or install inxi

[root@mar ~]# inxi -v 3
System:    Host: mar Kernel: 3.10.0-123.13.1.el7.x86_64 x86_64 (64 bit gcc: 4.8.2) Desktop: MATE 1.8.1
           Distro: CentOS Linux release 7.0.1406 (Core)
Machine:   Mobo: ASUSTeK model: U46E v: 1.0 serial: NB-1214556190
           Bios: American Megatrends v: U46E.204 date: 05/17/2011
CPU:       Dual core Intel Core i5-2410M (-HT-MCP-) cache: 3072 KB
           flags: (lm nx sse sse2 sse3 sse4_1 sse4_2 ssse3 vmx) bmips: 9178
           clock speeds: max: 2900 MHz 1: 2860 MHz 2: 2699 MHz 3: 2741 MHz 4: 2699 MHz
Graphics:  Card: Intel 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller bus-ID: 00:02.0
           Display Server: X.org 1.15.0 drivers: intel (unloaded: fbdev,vesa)
           tty size: 237x63 Advanced Data: N/A for root
Network:   Card-1: Intel Centrino Wireless-N + WiMAX 6150 driver: iwlwifi v: in-tree: bus-ID: 02:00.0
           IF: wlp2s0 state: down mac: 30:15:c1:54:38:6c
           Card-2: Qualcomm Atheros AR8151 v2.0 Gigabit Ethernet
           driver: atl1c v: 1.0.1.1-NAPI port: a000 bus-ID: 04:00.0
           IF: enp4s0 state: up speed: 1000 Mbps duplex: full mac: 11:da:e1:15:4c:cd
Drives:    HDD Total Size: 750.2GB (53.9% used) ID-1: model: ST9750423AS
Info:      Processes: 288 Uptime: 2 days Memory: 5619.5/7733.8MB Init: systemd runlevel: 5 Gcc sys: 4.8.2
           Client: Shell (bash 4.2.451) inxi: 2.2.16 

View current linux network driver:

[root@mar ~]# dmesg | grep 'enp4s0'
[    1.291293] systemd-udevd[284]: renamed network interface eth0 to enp4s0
[   21.056761] atl1c 0000:04:00.0: atl1c: enp4s0 NIC Link is Up
[ 4312.360231] device enp4s0 entered promiscuous mode

Get detailed info on driver:

[root@mar ~]# modinfo atl1c
filename:       /lib/modules/3.10.0-123.13.1.el7.x86_64/kernel/drivers/net/ethernet/atheros/atl1c/atl1c.ko
version:        1.0.1.1-NAPI
license:        GPL
description:    Qualcom Atheros 100/1000M Ethernet Network Driver
author:         Qualcomm Atheros Inc., 
author:         Jie Yang
srcversion:     D7C51AE9EAEA06DE7F10568
alias:          pci:v00001969d00001083sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00001969d00001073sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00001969d00002062sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00001969d00002060sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00001969d00001062sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00001969d00001063sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
depends:        
intree:         Y
vermagic:       3.10.0-123.13.1.el7.x86_64 SMP mod_unload modversions 
signer:         CentOS Linux kernel signing key
sig_key:        DE:D3:BD:6A:08:F8:8B:A9:1C:08:E3:20:34:E4:D1:E0:1F:1A:EB:2D
sig_hashalgo:   sha256